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Python Decorators: Implementation and Usage

In Python, decorators allow you to modify or extend the behavior of a function without changing its code. They are implemented using the @decorator_name syntax.

Basic Decorator Example

def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Before the function runs")
        func()  # Call the original function
        print("After the function runs")
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

# Calling the decorated function
say_hello()
  

Output

Before the function runs
Hello!
After the function runs
  

How It Works

• Decorator function: Takes another function as an argument and returns a new function (wrapper).
• Wrapper function: Executes additional code before and/or after calling the original function.
• @decorator_name syntax: Applies the decorator to the target function. Calling the target function actually calls the wrapper.

Advantages of Decorators

• Code reuse: Define reusable logic (like logging or timing) once and apply it to multiple functions.
• Improved readability: Keeps the core function logic separate from additional functionality.
• Flexibility: Modify or extend behavior without changing the original function’s code.

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Use decorators in Python to add functionality to functions cleanly and efficiently, improving code reuse, readability, and flexibility.