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Python Logging Implementation

In Python, the built-in logging module allows you to track events that occur during program execution. Logging is more flexible than print() statements because it provides log levels, formatting, and the ability to write logs to files.

Basic Logging Example

import logging

# Configure basic logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

# Example log messages
logging.debug("This is a debug message")
logging.info("This is an info message")
logging.warning("This is a warning message")
logging.error("This is an error message")
logging.critical("This is a critical message")
  

Explanation:

• logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO): Sets the logging level (INFO and above are displayed).
• Different log levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL.

Logging to a File

import logging

# Configure logging to write to a file
logging.basicConfig(
    filename='app.log', 
    level=logging.INFO,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)

logging.info("Program started")
logging.warning("This is a warning")
logging.error("An error occurred")
  

Explanation:

• filename='app.log': Logs are saved to app.log instead of the console.
• format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s': Custom format including timestamp, log level, and message.

Advanced Logging with Multiple Levels

import logging

# Create a logger object
logger = logging.getLogger("my_logger")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Create console handler
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.WARNING)

# Create formatter and add to handler
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
ch.setFormatter(formatter)

# Add handler to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)

# Example messages
logger.debug("Debug message")     # Won't appear in console
logger.info("Info message")       # Won't appear in console
logger.warning("Warning message") # Will appear
logger.error("Error message")     # Will appear
  

Key Points

• Flexible log levels: Control the verbosity of your logs with DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL.
• Logging output: Logs can be written to console, files, or both.
• Formatting: Include timestamps, logger names, and log levels for better traceability.
• Better than print(): Logging is non-intrusive and can be easily disabled or redirected.

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Use Python's logging module to track program execution, handle debugging information, and save logs for later analysis efficiently and flexibly.