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Python Classes and Object Creation (OOP)

In Python, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) allows you to create classes, which are blueprints for objects. Objects are instances of classes, containing attributes (variables) and methods (functions) that define their behavior.

Defining a Class and Creating Objects

# Define a class
class Person:
    # Constructor (__init__) to initialize object attributes
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    # Method to display info
    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

# Create objects (instances) of the class
person1 = Person("Alice", 25)
person2 = Person("Bob", 30)

# Access object methods
person1.greet()  # Output: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 25 years old.
person2.greet()  # Output: Hello, my name is Bob and I am 30 years old.
  

Explanation:

• class Person: Defines a class named Person.
• __init__(self, ...): Constructor method that initializes object attributes.
• self.name and self.age: Instance variables unique to each object.
• person1 = Person("Alice", 25): Creates an object person1 of class Person.
• person1.greet(): Calls the method defined in the class for the object.

Adding More Methods

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name}.")

    def have_birthday(self):
        self.age += 1
        print(f"Happy Birthday! {self.name} is now {self.age} years old.")

# Create an object
person = Person("Charlie", 20)
person.greet()          # Output: Hello, my name is Charlie.
person.have_birthday()  # Output: Happy Birthday! Charlie is now 21 years old.
  

Key Points

• Class: Blueprint for creating objects with attributes and methods.
• Object: Instance of a class.
• Constructor (__init__): Initializes object attributes.
• Methods: Functions defined in a class that operate on objects.
• OOP allows code reuse, modular design, and better structure in larger programs.

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Using classes and objects in Python allows you to write modular, reusable, and organized code, which is essential for building scalable applications.